Zhuge Liang (181 AD-234 AD), with the courtesy name Kongming, was born in Yangdu of Langya ( present-day Yinan, Shandong Province), and later settled in Longzhong, west of Xiangyang, Hubei Province. He led a hermit's life and associated with notable people, associating himself to famous figures such as Guan Zhong and Yue Yi. With a reputation for wisdom spreading far and wide, he was called the“Crouching Dragon”. Liu Bei had to make three humble visits to his thatched cottage before he was willing to see him. Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation in the country in detail for Liu Bei, and advised Liu Bei to occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou Prefectures and ally himself with Sun Quan against Cao Cao. Liu Bei was so excited that he invited Zhuge Liang to assist him. This was the origin of the story about“three humble visits to the thatched cottage”.

     诸葛亮 (181—234)，字孔明， 琅琊阳都(今山东省临沂市沂南县) 人， 后定居湖北襄阳以西隆中。他过着隐士的生活， 与名士交往， 自比为管仲、乐毅。他因聪慧而声名远播， 被称为“卧龙”。刘备三次去他的茅庐拜访才见到他。诸葛亮为刘备详细分析了国内形势， 建议刘备占领荆州、益州， 与孙权结盟对抗曹操。刘备兴奋不已，请诸葛亮来辅佐自己。这就是“三顾茅庐”故事的由来。

        According to Zhuge Liang's strategy, Liu Bei successfully established the Shu-Han regime, forming a tripartite confrontation with Sun Quan and Cao Cao. In the first year of Zhangwu (221 AD), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and appointed Zhuge Liang as chancellor. After the failure of annexing Wu, Liu Bei entrusted Zhuge Liang the whole state in Yongan. After Liu Chan ascended to the throne, Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and the governor of Yizhou. He was diligent and cautious, and handled big and small political affairs personally with strict and impartial grounds for rewards and punishments. He Allied with Wu and improved relations with all ethnic groups in Southwest China. Zhuge Liang implemented the policy of opening up the wasteland and strengthened the state's combat readiness. He made five northern expeditions to the central plains, but failed to achieve the goal of reviving the Han Dynasty. Eventually, due to overwork, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan ( present-day Qishan, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) in the 12th year of Jianxing (234 AD) at the age of 54.

     刘备根据诸葛亮的策略， 成功建立蜀汉政权， 与孙权、曹操形成三足鼎立之势。章武元年(221年)，刘备称帝， 任命诸葛亮为丞相，伐吴失败后， 刘备于永安举国托付于诸葛亮。刘禅继位后， 封诸葛亮为武乡侯，领益州牧。诸葛亮勤勉谨慎，大小政事必亲自处理， 赏罚严明。与东吴联盟， 改善和西南各族的关系；实行屯田政策，加强战备。前后五次北伐中原， 未能实现兴复汉室的目标。终因积劳成疾， 于建兴十二年(234年)病逝于五丈原(今陕西省宝鸡市岐山境内)，享年五十四岁。